Copyright 1998-2022 Yoshiaki Yoneda

A portion of flower color patterns was considered to be due to mutable genes in the morning glory. However, recently developed molecular genetic techniques, combined with progress in base arrangement DNA-decoding technology, have begun to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying flower color patterns.

1. Autumn shower (flecked)	2. Dyeing in different colors (flecked)	3. Flaked	4. Speckled
5. Margined	6. Ray white	7. Ray flow	8. Rayed
9. Blizzard	10. Striped (Blizzard)	11. Striated	12. Decolored crest

Flower color patterns in the morning glory, Ipomoea nil (including those derived from Ipomoea purpurea through interspecific hybrids)

Large flower, red margined Margined, retracted, dr agonfly (Mr, re, dg)	Large flower, Rayed Rayed, retracted, dragonfly (Ry, re, dg)	Large flower, Blizzard Blizzard, retracted, dragonfly (Bz, re, dg)
Interspecific hybrids flaked strain Seiwa	Interspecific hybrids red ray-white

Transposon Tpn 1 was inserted in the DFR (dihydroflavonol-4-reductase) gene in a flecked flower (Inagaki et al., 1994).
A transposon was found in a speckled gene (Abe et al., 1997).

flecks (or freckles) flecked, yellow (a-3f, y)

1. Imai, Y. (1934) On the mutable genes of Pharbitis, with special reference to their bearing on the mechanism of bud-variation Jour. Coll. Agric., 12: 479.
   
2. Kihara, H. (1934) Vererbungsstudien uber eine `flecked'-Sippe bei Pharbitis Nil.1. Botany a. Zoology 2:1801-1814.
   
3. Iida, S., Hidatomi, Y. (1992) Variegation mechanism in flowers and seeds and transposons. In: Molecular mechanism of flowering and seed-setting (ed. Harada, H.).
   
4. Inagaki, Y., Hisatomi, Y., Suzuki, T., Kasahara, K., Iida, S. (1994) Isolation of a Suppressor-mutator/Enhancer-like transposable element, Tpn1, from Japanese morning glory bearing variegated flowers. Plant Cell 6: 375-383.
   

Large flower, speckled Margined, speckled, retracted, dragonfly (Mr, sp, re, dg)	Large flower, speckled speckled, retracted, dragonfly (sp, re, dg)

1. Abe, Y., Hoshino, A., Iida, S. (1997) Appearance of flower variegation in the mutable speckled line of the Japanese morning glory is controlled by two genetic elements. Genes Genet. Syst. 72: 57-62